Reduced expression of DNA repair genes disrupts DNA repair. This is demonstrated while in the determine at the 4th amount from your top. (During the figure, pink wording suggests the central function of DNA injury and defects in DNA restore from the progression to most cancers.) When DNA fix is deficient DNA injury stays in cells at the next than standard degree (5th degree) and causes greater frequencies of mutation and/or epimutation (6th amount).
用以缓解症状、延缓病变进展，适用于晚期或有脑、脊髓、骨等部位转移者。
The findings that end result depend upon most cancers's style and site. Handful of indications are distinct. Many often come about in individuals who produce other problems. Most cancers might be tough to diagnose and will be regarded a "wonderful imitator".[33]
Cytogenetics and immunohistochemistry are other types of tissue tests. These tests deliver details about molecular alterations (for instance mutations, fusion genes and numerical chromosome adjustments) and may Consequently also point out the prognosis and finest remedy.
Some different types of cancer are named for the size and form of your cells underneath a microscope, like huge mobile carcinoma, spindle mobile carcinoma and little-cell carcinoma.
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保持健康体重。超重或肥胖可能增加您患癌症的风险。通过健康饮食和定期运动相结合，努力达到并保持健康体重。
烷化剂、酰化剂、亚硝胺类、芳香胺、环氧化物等具有致癌作用，导致基因异常突变。
放射治疗即常说的放疗，根据其治疗方式及适应证可分为根治性放疗、姑息性 放疗和联合治疗，具体内容可参考百度百科及百度药典，在此不过多介绍。但需要 注意，放疗并不一定能完全治疗癌症，且在治疗过程中会出现诸多不良反应，如 乏力、恶心、厌食、皮肤痒肿、口咽疼痛、局部毛发脱落、神经损伤、心肺功能 异常（如干咳、气喘等）、胃肠功能紊乱（如恶心、呕吐、体重下降等）等。
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癌症是以异常细胞生长为特征的众多疾病的统称，这些异常细胞会失控地分裂，并能浸润和毁坏正常身体组织。癌症通常可以扩散到全身各处。
In America and some other cultures, 癌症 most cancers is viewed as a disease that need to be "fought" to finish the "civil insurrection"; a War on Cancer was declared in the US. Armed forces metaphors are notably frequent in descriptions of most cancers's human results, and they emphasize both of those the state of your client's overall health and the necessity to get immediate, decisive steps himself instead of to delay, to disregard or to rely fully on Other people. The military metaphors also support rationalize radical, damaging remedies.[242][243]
某些癌症的成長會受某些荷爾蒙的增加或減少而抑制。對荷爾蒙敏感的腫瘤常見的例子有乳癌和前列腺癌，減低或增加體內雌激素或雄激素往往可用來做為補充治療的一種。
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